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六字真言

- Om mani padme hum -

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觀自在菩薩六字大明王陀羅尼，知名佛教普傳密咒，盛行於西藏及漢傳佛教地區，俗稱六字真言、六字大明咒、六字大明陀羅尼，其內容為唵麼抳鉢訥銘吽（「訥銘」為一字。梵文：𑖌𑖼𑖦𑖜𑖰𑖢𑖟𑖿𑖦𑖸𑖮𑖳𑖽，天城體梵文：ॐमणिपद्मेहूं，藏文：ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ，藏語拼音：Om Ma Ni Bä Mê Hum，羅馬化：Oṃ Maṇi Padme Hūṃ），漢語中又被寫作：唵嘛呢叭咪吽或嗡嘛呢唄美吽等。此咒出自《大乘莊嚴寶王經（英語：Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra）》，是觀世音菩薩的微妙本心，也被認為是四臂白觀音的心咒（藏文：སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་）。

「唵麼抳鉢訥銘吽」六字中，麼抳（Maṇi）意為珍寶，鉢訥銘（Padme）意為蓮花；「麼抳鉢訥銘」按照梵文方位格語法，意指「珍寶在蓮花上」，而前置詞「唵」和後置詞「吽」是代表神聖的感嘆語，整體字面解釋為：「唵 珍寶 在蓮花上 吽」。

美國籍佛學家小唐納德·休厄爾·洛佩斯（英語：Donald S. Lopez Jr.）（Donald S. Lopez Jr.）認為，六字大明咒可解譯為「妙哉蓮花生」。但是又有一派說法認為「maṇi padme」是觀世音菩薩的稱謂，意即「持有珍寶蓮花者」，全句應作「向持有珍寶蓮花的聖者敬禮祈請，摧破煩惱。」

亦有修行者解析六字大明咒的涵義，將六音節分別對應至下列佛教教義：

Oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ (Sanskrit: ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ, IPA: [õːː mɐɳɪ pɐdmeː ɦũː]) is the six-syllabled Sanskrit mantra particularly associated with the four-armed Shadakshari form of Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. It first appeared in the Mahayana Kāraṇḍavyūhasūtra where it is also referred to as the sadaksara (six syllabled) and the paramahrdaya, or “innermost heart” of Avalokiteshvara. In this text the mantra is seen as the condensed form of all Buddhist teachings.

The precise meaning and significance of the words remains much discussed by Buddhist scholars. The literal meaning in English has been expressed as "praise to the jewel in the lotus", or as a declarative aspiration possibly meaning "I in the jewel-lotus". Padma is the Sanskrit for the Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and mani for "jewel", as in a type of spiritual "jewel" widely referred to in Buddhism. The first word, aum/om, is a sacred syllable in various Indian religions, and hum represents the spirit of enlightenment.

In Tibetan Buddhism, this is the most ubiquitous mantra and the most popular form of religious practice, performed by laypersons and monastics alike. It is also an ever present feature of the landscape, commonly carved onto rocks, known as mani stones, painted into the sides of hills or else it is written on prayer flags and prayer wheels.

Due to the increased interactions between Chinese Buddhists and Tibetans and Mongolians during the 11th century, the mantra also entered Chinese Buddhism. The mantra has also been adapted into Chinese Taoism.

The 11th-century Bengali master Atiśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna, who was influential in bringing Buddhism to Tibet, also wrote a short treatise on the mantra called the Arya-sad-aksari-sadhana. Some Buddhist scholars argue that the mantra as practiced in Tibetan Buddhism was based on the Sadhanamala, a collection of sadhana or spiritual practices published in the 12th century. However, according to Peter Alan Roberts, "the primary source for Tibetan Avalokitesvara practices and teachings" is the 11th-century Maṇi Kambum.

Donald Lopez writes that according to a 17th-century work by the prime minister of the fifth Dalai Lama, the meaning of the mantra is said to be "O, you who have the jewel and the lotus." That manipadme is in the vocative case is also supported by a 9th-century Tibetan grammatical treatise.

Lopez also notes that the majority of Tibetan Buddhist texts have regarded the translation of the mantra as secondary, focusing instead on the correspondence of the six syllables of the mantra to various other groupings of six in the Buddhist tradition.

For example, in the Chenrezig Sadhana, Tsangsar Tulku Rinpoche expands upon the mantra's meaning, taking its six syllables to represent the purification of the six realms of existence:

- 轉自: 維基百科 / Wikipedia -